Introduction
Since independence, Kenya has made significant strides in addressing the needs of its youth population. The government has implemented various policies and programs aimed at empowering the youth and providing them with opportunities to participate in the country’s growth and development. However, despite these efforts, there are still several challenges that need to be addressed to ensure that the youth can fully realize their potential.
The Youth’s transformation agenda since independence has been shaped by various factors, including public policy, the nature and scope of growth and development, and the changing needs of the youth population. The government has implemented various policies and programs aimed at addressing the needs of the youth, including education, employment, and entrepreneurship. These policies have been instrumental in empowering the youth and providing them with opportunities to participate in the country’s growth and development.
Kenya has made significant progress towards fulfilling the transformative agenda for the youth. Some of these policies are; Youth Enterprise and Development Fund (YEDF), Uwezo fund and Hustle fund. This initiative demonstrates a commitment to fostering youth entrepreneurship by providing financial support and resources for young individuals to start and expand their businesses and play important role in Kenya.
In 2013, the introduction of the Access to Government Procurement Opportunities (AGPO) further underscored the government’s commitment to youth empowerment. AGPO is designed to enhance youth participation in government procurement processes, opening avenues for young entrepreneurs to access government contracts. By creating a more inclusive procurement environment, AGPO seeks to reduce barriers and promote the active involvement of youth-owned businesses in public sector projects.
The launch of the Marshall Plan for Youth Employment and Development in March 2008 represents a strategic move to address the challenges of unemployment among the youth. This comprehensive plan likely includes a range of initiatives such as skill development programs, job creation schemes, and support for youth-led enterprises. By targeting both employment and development, the Marshall Plan aims to provide holistic solutions to the complex issue of youth unemployment, recognizing the interconnected nature of economic and social development.
The establishment of the National Youth Council in 2009 serves as a milestone in creating a structured platform for youth representation and advocacy. The National Youth Council plays a pivotal role in voicing the concerns and aspirations of the youth at the national level. It serves as a bridge between the government and the youth
population, facilitating communication and collaboration to address the unique challenges faced by young people in the country.
The National Youth Service (NYS) Act of 2018, which designated the NYS as a State Corporation, is a significant step toward harnessing the potential of the youth for national development. The NYS, with its newfound status, is likely endowed with specific functions and responsibilities outlined in the Act. These may include engaging youth in community service, participating in national development projects, and promoting civic education and social responsibility. The NYS Act reinforces the government’s commitment to utilizing the energy and enthusiasm of the youth for the greater good of the nation.
The establishment of Affirmative Action Funds represents a proactive approach to addressing historical inequalities and promoting inclusivity. These funds are likely designed to provide targeted support to underprivileged and marginalized groups, ensuring that the benefits of economic and social development are shared equitably among all segments of the youth population.
The transformative agenda for Kenyan youth encounters key limitations. Persistent high youth unemployment rates remain a challenge, despite numerous initiatives aimed at job creation. Educational disparities, characterized by unequal access to quality education, hinder equal opportunities for youth across regions. Instances of corruption and mismanagement of funds allocated for youth development programs undermine their effectiveness. Political instability disrupts the consistent implementation of long- term youth strategies, impacting policy continuity. Gender inequalities persist, affecting both male and female youth in accessing educational and economic opportunities. Skills mismatch, inadequate infrastructure, social and cultural barriers, lack of monitoring and evaluation, and limited access to finance further constrain the full realization of the youth’s transformative agenda.
To steer Kenya toward the realization of the youth’s future aspirations, key public policy recommendations are imperative. First and foremost, a paradigm shift in education policies is essential, emphasizing practical skills and vocational training that align with industry demands. Policies should be implemented to create an enabling environment for job creation and entrepreneurship, streamlining bureaucratic processes and providing robust financial support. Promoting digital literacy and ensuring widespread technology access will empower the youth in an increasingly digital economy. Gender- responsive policies are critical for dismantling existing disparities and providing equitable opportunities for both male and female youth. Civic education integration into
the curriculum is necessary to foster active youth participation in governance and community development. Environmental sustainability policies, coupled with a rigorous monitoring and evaluation framework, will further propel the nation toward fulfilling the collective aspirations of its youth.
In conclusion, the youth transformation agenda since independence has significantly impacted the development of society and has laid the foundation for a promising future. The efforts made in education, employment, and empowerment have resulted in increased opportunities for the youth and a more inclusive society. However, there are still challenges such as corruption, lack of access to quality education, and limited job opportunities that need to be addressed to ensure a sustainable future for the youth.
Moving forward, it is essential for the government, educational institutions, and civil society organizations to work together to provide the necessary resources, support, and guidance to the youth. By investing in their education, skills development, and empowering them to be active participants in decision-making processes, the youth can become key drivers of sustainable development, social change, and national progress. It is crucial to recognize the potential and capabilities of the youth and provide them with the necessary tools to shape a better future for themselves and their country.
Authors: Eric Muchogu Kariuki, Student, South Eastern Kenya University
